一位英国女作家安妮·勃朗特在《荒野庄园的房客》一书中写道：“在这个不完美的世界上，总有一个‘但是’存在”。这一句话无比正确！对于学术论文而言，这样的道理同样适用。“But”是essay中最常见到的英文连接词（甚至有时会被滥用），主要用来对比两件事实或两种观点。“But”连接词简短好记，确实便于使用，但是，如果一篇文章中多次重复使用它，难免会显得啰嗦，让读者产生疲劳感。这时候使用它的替代词（比如 “however”）就可以大大提高essay的流畅度。所以在这里小编为大家整理了一些可以代替“but”的essay连接词与副词，供大家今后参考使用。
01
使用连词代替“BUT”
连词是用来连接一个句子的两个部分，如 “but”、“and”和 “because”。“But”不仅连接了一个句子的两个部分，同时也构成了前后部分的对比（例如，“这道菜好吃，但是用料不是很好”）。那么在此情况下，“but” 可以用以下词来代替:
Although, 比如: Tom doesn’t want to be a doctor, although he’s very good in science.
Though, 比如: She knew this for certain, though she hardly heard his voice through the closed doors.
Yet, 比如: I haven’t read the book, yet I already know the ending.”
02
使用副词代替“BUT”
除了连词，你还可以用副词或副词短语来连接和对比前后不符。最常见的此类词是“however”，我们就用这个词来解释一下这些单词如何代替“but”。
英文连接词与副词对比之间的主要区别在于：英文连接词一般在一个句子中连接两个从句，而副词“however”会在两个独立的句子之间形成对比:
连词对比: Tom doesn’t want to be a doctor, but he’s very good in science.
副词对比: Tom doesn’t want to be a doctor. However, he’s very good in science.
所以，当你想用对比来开始一个新句子时，使用副词是非常方便的。“However”一词的位置相对灵活，它可以出现在句子中间或分号之后，例如：
Tom has money. However, he’s not all that happy.
The concert was short; however, it was very good.
除了“however”，其他可以代替but的副词还有:
Nonetheless, 比如: There was still a long way to go. Nonetheless, some progress had been made.
Nevertheless, 比如: The news may be unexpected; nevertheless it is true.
Despite this, 比如: She was not very social. Despite this, she was a bright child and did well at school.
Having said that, 比如: Of course he deserves prison. Having said that, I don’t think any good will come of locking him up forever.
还有一点，“but”的另一种说法是“on the other hand”。不过，一般它与“on the one hand”搭配使用，例如:
On the one hand, if the body doesn’t have enough cholesterol, we would not be able to survive. On the other hand, if the body has too much cholesterol, the excess begins to line the arteries.
除了以上这两种主要的词性的转折词，还有其他一些常见的可以代替“but”的转折词，例如：
1) BY CONTRAST/IN COMPARISON （相比较之下）
By contrast with the Treaty of Rome, the Stockholm Convention was quite modest, in both length and ambition.
In comparison to other recent video games, this one isn’t very exciting.
The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.
“By contrast/in comparison”放在句首，用逗号隔开。“In contrast to”放在句中。
2) THEN AGAIN （话说回来）
The drink and food was a bit on the high side. Then again, I was on business and expensed it anyway.
“Then again”也需要放在句首，后面也要跟逗号。
3) ON THE CONTRARY （正好相反）
Yet small-business owners are no less honest than most people. On the contrary, they are generally more honest.
“On the contrary”常常用在口语中，它一般位于句首，也需要用逗号隔开。
4) ALTERNATIVELY （要不）
You can relax on the beach or, alternatively, try the bustling town center.
“Alternatively”可以放在句首，但是后面也需要用逗号来隔开。“Alternatively”也可以放在句中。当它放在句子中时，它常常跟 “or”一起使用，并且词的前后都需要加逗号。
5) EVEN THOUGH （即使）
Even though he was getting angry, his voice remained level.
“Even though”放在句首，需要用逗号来隔开。
6) DESPITE（尽管）
They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
“Despite” 可以放在句首或者句中，其后面只能跟名词或者名词短语，不能跟句子。当它放在句首时，名词或名词短语的后面要加逗号。
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
He is an ordinary bloke, despite being famous.
需要注意的是，如果“despite”后面加的是从句，需要用“despite the fact that”这一短语来连接。如：
Despite the fact that he is famous, he is an ordinary bloke.
7) IN SPITE OF （尽管如此）
In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
“In spite of”的用法和“despite”的用法一致。这里不再多讲。
如果在essay写作中只会用同一个英文连接词“but”，那未免太过单调而无趣，试着使用不同的essay连接词来丰富你的文章吧！
