很多小伙伴们平常在写作Essay的时候，都需要引用别人的观点或者资料。而在引用之前，我们必须了解primary source和secondary source，前者是文学作品，是作者的原稿，而后者则是别人加工过的文本。
如果同学们在写作Essay的时候，需要在正确的MLA格式下引用才行，下面我们一起来了解一下。
什么是MLA格式呢？MLA格式包括两部分：In-text citation以及文章写完后另起一页的Works Cited页。通过你的格式，读者可以找到你的引言是出自哪本书的哪句话。
文章中的引用一般在括号中告诉读者引用文本的作者以及页码，如：
Arguing that fate has little to do with the tragedy that befalls Oedipus, Bernard Knox writes that “the catastrophe of Oedipus is that he discovers his own identity; and for his discovery he is first and last responsible” (6).
等你文章都写好之后，要另起一页，把你文章中所引用的所有情况一一列出来，比如说（注意这边是悬挂缩进）：
一般书籍的格式是：Last name, First name. Name of the book. City of publication: Publisher, year of publication.
一般以下几种行为是被认为是抄袭行为：
使用别人的idea或者别人的原话的时候，没有使用正确的引用格式
在引用别人原话的时候，没有加双引号
在总结或者同意转述的时候，没有使用自己的语言
大家看一下，下面是给大家找到的一个抄袭的例子：
原文：
Mothers [in the late nineteenth century] were advised to teach their daughters to make small, exact stitches, not only for durability but as a way of instilling habits of patience, neatness, and diligence . But such stitches also became a badge of one’s needlework skill, a source of self-esteem and of status, through the recognition and admiration of other women.
—Elaine Hedges, “Small Things Reconsidered: ‘A Jury of Her Peers,’ ”
如果你这么写就是抄袭（和原文用词、句式重复度太高！）：
One of the final clues in the story, the irregular stitching in Minnie’s quilt patches, connects immediately with Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters. In the late nineteenth century, explains Elaine Hedges, small, exact stitches were valued not only for their durability. They became a badge of one’s prowess with the needle, a source of self-respect and of prestige, through the recognition and approval of other women (62).
但是按照下面这样写就不会被认定为抄袭（同意转述程度要高！）：
One of the final clues in the story, the irregular stitching in Minnie’s quilt patches, connects immediately with Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters. In the late nineteenth century, explains Elaine Hedges, precise needlework was valued for more than its durability. It was a source of pride to women, a way of gaining status in the community of other women (62).
以上就是关于MLA格式引用的规范，同学们在essay写作中需要引用别人的文章或观点的时候一定要注意这些细节。
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